Measurement Of Serum Antibodies To Selected Biologic Agent

Biologic agents used to treat autoimmune diseases include infliximab, adalimumab, vedolizumab, and ustekinumab. Infliximab (Remicade) is an intravenous tumor necrosis factor α blocking agent approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, Crohn disease, ankylosing spondylitis, psoriatic arthritis, plaque psoriasis, and ulcerative colitis. Adalimumab (Humira) is a subcutaneous tumor necrosis factor α inhibitor that is FDA approved for the treatment of Crohn disease, ulcerative colitis, ankylosing spondylitis, psoriatic arthritis, and psoriatic arthritis in adults and those with juvenile idiopathic arthritis, hidradenitis suppurativa, and uveitis. Vedolizumab (Entyvio) is an intravenous integrin receptor antagonist that is FDA approved for treatment of ulcerative colitis and Crohn Disease in adults. Ustekinumab (Stelara) is an intravenous and subcutaneous human interleukin-12 and -23 antagonist that is FDA approved for the treatment of psoriatic psoriasis, Crohn disease, and ulcerative colitis in adults, and plaque psoriasis in children and adults. Following the primary response to these medications, some patients become secondary nonresponders. The development of antidrug antibodies is considered a cause of this secondary nonresponse.