Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation and Transcutaneous Afferent Patterned Stimulation

Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation and transcutaneous afferent patterned stimulation are noninvasive neuromodulation techniques that involve the application of electrical stimulation to the surface of the skin. In addition to more traditional settings such as a physician’s office or an outpatient clinic, these techniques can be self-administered in an individual's home.