Responsive Neurostimulation For The Treatment Of Refractory Focal Epilepsy

Approximately one-third of individuals with epilepsy do not respond to typical first-line therapy with antiepileptic medications. Seizures that occur in these individuals are referred to as refractory or drug-resistant. In individuals with refractory epilepsy, combination antiepileptic therapy often results in increased risk of adverse events. Other nonpharmacologic treatment options are available, including surgical approaches, ketogenic diet, and responsive neurostimulation. One responsive neurostimulation device, the NeuroPace RNS System, has U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval for the treatment of refractory focal (formerly partial) epilepsy.