Percutaneous annuloplasty (eg, intradiscal electrothermal annuloplasty, intradiscal radiofrequency annuloplasty, or intradiscal biacuplasty) for the treatment of chronic discogenic back pain is considered investigational.
Intraosseous radiofrequency ablation of the basivertebral nerve (e.g., Intracept® system) for the treatment of vertebrogenic back pain is considered investigational.