Cernimiento auditivo neonatal

The diagnosis of congenital hearing loss was previously made at an average age of 13 months for infants with severe to profound bilateral loss (SNHL) and at 17 months for those with mild to moderate loss. Children with hearing loss show delayed language development, learning and speech. This lag exists or becomes evident at the age of 3, but the consequences can be lifelong, leading to inadequate reading ability, poor school performance, unemployment, or poor job opportunity. Between 50% to 75% of children with moderate to profound bilateral deafness (SNHL) have one or more specific risk factors. Until recently, programs in the E.U. They focused on identifying and screening high-risk populations. However, these programs failed to identify the high-risk population, the questionnaire was not administered, or the follow-up of already identified populations was lost. In addition, affected children who do not show risk factors are not diagnosed. Currently, two types of tests are performed: otoacoustic emissions (OAE) and auditory brain stem response (ABR). Most screening programs have two stages: 1. Repeat OAE twice 2. Perform an OAE and then ABR or the ABR repeated twice. The results are sensitive to the following factors: · Team · Staff training · Quality control Single stage screening with ABR or OAE can detect between 80% to 95% of the affected cases. The protocol with OAE and ABE was more specific than the test of ABR or AOE performed alone. In low-risk populations, there are more false positives than positives true. About 6.7% of infants in the general population not diagnosed at the hospital they were eventually diagnosed with bilateral deafness (SNHL). In the population of low risk only 2% were not diagnosed in the hospital, but their diagnosis was carried out out eventually too. In those children not evaluated in the hospital, it is recommended that the test be carried out between 2 to 8 weeks after the discharge date. Positive results to these tests are subsequently validated by consultation otolaryngology and audiology, ABR, or other electrophysiology tests (as early as as the age of 3 months). Audiometry with visual reinforcement can be performed effectively at the age of 8 to 9 months. There are no prospective controlled studies that directly demonstrate proportionally, that the neonatal screening intervention and early intervention result in increased language development, learning, etc. In the low-risk population there are around 25% to 50% of false positives for each case of actual hearing loss. In many cases the diagnosis audiological was incorrect (7%), and eventually the infants demonstrated hearing normal when reexamined at four and 10 months. <a id="